Fish Oil
Fish oil is derived from the tissues of oily fish and is a source of omega-3 fatty acids. Some people think that all dietary fat is bad; however, some fats are good, such as the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. Omega-3 fats are a class of polyunsaturated fats that are sometimes also known as essential fatty acids (EFAs) because they cannot be made by the body, and must be obtained from the diet. Omega-3 fats therefore are a class of fatty acid that is important for good health.
Dietary sources of Fish Oil
Omega-3 is a component of fish oil. The omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil are Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). It is the EPA+DHA content of fish oil which provide many of its therapeutic benefits. While omega-3 can be found in foods such as linseeds and wheat-germ, combined omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are available in large amounts in deep-sea cold water oily fish such as salmon, anchovies, mackerel and sardines.
Benefits of Fish Oil
The benefits of fish oil were first realised when researchers observed Inuit in a Greenland population in the 1970s. These Inuit had healthy cholesterol and triglycerides levels despite eating a high-fat diet. This was determined to be because of their diet rich in marine mammals and fish that contain high amounts of the ‘good fat’ omega-3. Since that time, more and more benefits of fish oil and omega-3 have been discovered.
Omega-3 from fish oil may be particularly beneficial for those wishing to support:
- Heart health: Omega-3 from fish oils have many effects on the cardiovascular system which support general cardiovascular health and help maintain cholesterol levels in healthy individuals.
- Brain health: Approximately 50% of the neuronal membrane is composed of fatty acids, 30% of which are from the omega-3 family (specifically DHA). This highlights the importance of consuming essential fatty acids to help maintain healthy brain function.
- Joint health: Fish oil may help maintain joint mobility and relieve pain associated with inflammation.
- Nervous system: Omega-3 fatty acids help in the transmission of signals between brain cells and help maintain healthy brain and cognitive function. Omega-3 from fish oil may also help maintain memory.
- Pregnancy – fetal development: Some pregnant women may not eat enough fish so they may benefit from taking fish oil supplements to increase their intake of omega-3. Omega-3 fatty acids (particularly DHA) are required during pregnancy for the normal development of the baby’s brain and eyes, especially during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.
- Children – brain and eye development: Omega-3 fatty acids are an essential part of a child’s dietary requirements for normal growth and development. It is required for optimal brain function and may be beneficial for behaviour, cognitive function, memory and learning in some children.
- General well-being